Tax Lines to Look Out For on Your 2025 Canadian Tax Return

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Tax Lines to Look Out For on Your 2025 Canadian Tax Return

The deadline for filing your 2025 income tax return is April 30, 2026. With several changes this year, from a lower federal tax rate to new benefits and eliminated credits, it pays to know what has changed before you file. This guide covers the key updates, deductions, and credits separated into sections for Individuals and Families, and Self-Employed Individuals.

For Individuals and Families

Federal Tax Rate Reduction

Effective July 1, 2025, under draft legislation introduced May 27, 2025, the lowest federal income tax rate was reduced from 15% to 14%. Because this change took effect halfway through the year, the blended rate for 2025 is 14.5%. This applies to the first $57,375 of taxable income and could save an individual up to $420 per year, or up to $840 for a two-income household.

Because the lowest rate also determines the value of most non-refundable tax credits, the government introduced a new top-up credit. This credit restores the full 15% value on eligible non-refundable credits claimed on amounts above $57,375, so the rate cut does not reduce the value of credits like the Basic Personal Amount, medical expenses, or tuition. This top-up credit will remain in place through the 2030 tax year.

Basic Personal Amount (BPA)

For 2025, the Basic Personal Amount has increased to $16,129 for taxpayers with net income up to $177,882. For those with net incomes above this amount, the BPA is gradually reduced, reaching a minimum of $14,538 at incomes of $253,414 or higher.

Capital Gains

The proposed increase in the capital gains inclusion rate from 50% to 66.67% on gains over $250,000 for individuals (and on all gains for corporations and most trusts) has been cancelled. The inclusion rate remains at 50% for all taxpayers. However, the lifetime capital gains exemption has been raised to $1,250,000 for qualifying dispositions of small business shares and farming or fishing property, up from $1,016,836.

Canada Disability Benefit

A new benefit became available in June 2025, providing up to $200 per month ($2,400 per year) for Canadian residents aged 18 to 64 who are approved for the Disability Tax Credit.

The benefit is income-tested, with the maximum amount generally available to single individuals with adjusted family net income of $23,000 or less. For couples, the threshold is higher (generally $32,500 after a working income exemption).

The benefit is gradually reduced as income increases. For single individuals, it is typically reduced by 20 cents for each dollar above the threshold. For couples, the reduction may be 20% or split at 10% each, depending on whether one or both partners qualify for the benefit.

What Has Been Eliminated

Canadian Journalism Tax Credit: The 15% non-refundable tax credit for qualifying digital news subscriptions (up to $75 per year) is no longer available for 2025.

Home Accessibility and Medical Expense Double-Claim: Under proposed measures announced in Budget 2025 and included in Bill C-15, 2025 is expected to be the final year that certain expenses qualifying for the Home Accessibility Tax Credit can also be claimed as a medical expense. Starting in 2026, these expenses will generally need to be claimed under only one provision and cannot be double-counted. Individuals planning eligible renovations may wish to take advantage of the current rules before this change takes effect.

Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)

The updated AMT rules that took effect in 2024 continue to apply. These include a higher minimum tax rate, modified calculation for adjusted taxable income affecting foreign tax credits and minimum tax carryovers, and limited value on most non-refundable tax credits.

Popular Tax Credits and Deductions

Canada Training Credit (CTC) Eligible taxpayers aged 26 to 65 can claim this refundable tax credit to cover a portion of eligible tuition and fees for training or courses to enhance their skills.

Canada Caregiver Credit (CCC) This non-refundable tax credit supports individuals caring for family members or dependents with a physical or mental impairment. The amount varies based on the dependent’s relationship, net income, and circumstances.

Child Care Expenses Child care expenses, such as daycare, nursery schools, day camps, and boarding schools, are deductible if incurred to enable a parent or guardian to work, pursue education, or conduct research.

Disability Tax Credit (DTC) The DTC provides a non-refundable tax credit for individuals with disabilities or their caregivers to reduce the amount of income tax payable. For 2025, the disability amount is $10,138. Applicants must have a certified disability lasting at least 12 months. The expenses eligible for the disability supports deduction have also been expanded for 2025.

Moving Expenses Deductible moving expenses include transportation and storage costs, travel expenses, temporary living costs, and incidental expenses incurred when relocating at least 40 kilometers closer to a new work location, educational institution, or business location.

Interest Paid on Student Loans Interest paid on eligible student loans can be claimed as a non-refundable tax credit. The loans must be under federal, provincial, or territorial student loan programs.

Donations and Gifts Donations made to registered charities or other qualified organizations qualify for non-refundable federal and provincial tax credits. Typically, eligible amounts up to 75% of net income can be claimed. Note: due to the Canada Post strike in late 2024, eligible donations made in the first two months of 2025 can also be claimed on a 2024 return.

GST/HST Credit The GST/HST credit is a quarterly refundable payment designed to offset the impact of sales tax on low to moderate-income individuals and families. Eligibility is automatically assessed based on the annual tax return.

RRSP Contributions The maximum RRSP contribution for 2025 has increased to $32,490 (up from $31,560 in 2024), based on 18% of the previous year’s earned income. The TFSA annual contribution limit remains at $7,000 for 2025.

First Home Savings Account (FHSA) Contributions of up to $8,000 per year (lifetime limit of $40,000) are tax-deductible, grow tax-free, and qualifying withdrawals for a first home purchase are also tax-free. The FHSA can be used alongside the Home Buyers’ Plan, which maintains a withdrawal limit of $60,000.

For Self-Employed Individuals

CPP Contributions

Self-employed individuals pay both the employee and employer portions of CPP, for a combined rate of 11.90% on earnings up to the YMPE ($71,300). For CPP2, the self-employed rate is 8% on earnings between $71,300 and $81,200, with a maximum CPP2 contribution of $792.

Filing and Payment Deadlines

  • Tax Return Deadline: June 15, 2026.

  • Balance due must be paid by April 30, 2026.

Reporting Business Income

Report income on a calendar-year basis for sole proprietorships and partnerships.

Digital Platform Operators

Reporting rules require platform operators to collect and report seller information to the CRA. If income is earned through a digital platform, it is important to ensure it is properly reported.

Filing season for 2025 returns opens February 23, 2026. With a lower federal tax rate, increased contribution limits, and several eliminated credits and taxes, reviewing these changes before filing can help maximize savings and avoid surprises. The CRA is also no longer mailing paper tax packages, so returns and forms are available online at canada.ca or by calling 1-855-330-3305.

Sources

Canada Revenue Agency. “Personal income tax: What’s new for 2025.” – Canada.ca – https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/individuals/topics/about-your-tax-return/tax-return/completing-a-tax-return/whats-new.html

Canada Revenue Agency. “Important changes to the 2025 income tax package.” – Canada.ca – https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/news/newsroom/tax-tips/tax-tips-2025/important-changes-2025-income-tax-package.html

Canada Revenue Agency. “Maximum Pensionable Earnings and Contributions for 2025.” – Canada.ca – https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/news/newsroom/tax-tips/tax-tips-2024/canada-revenue-agency-announces-maximum-pensionable-earnings-contributions-2025.html

Canada Revenue Agency. “Basic Personal Amount.” – Canada.ca – https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/programs/about-canada-revenue-agency-cra/federal-government-budgets/basic-personal-amount.html

Canada Revenue Agency. “Tax rates and income brackets for individuals.” – Canada.ca – https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/individuals/frequently-asked-questions-individuals/canadian-income-tax-rates-individuals-current-previous-years.html

“Budget 2025 – Tax Measures” (Home Accessibility Tax Credit change) – https://budget.canada.ca/2025/report-rapport/tm-mf-en.html

This content is provided for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide investment, tax, or legal advice, and should not be relied upon as such.

Ontario Budget 2026

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What the 2026 Ontario Budget Means for Your Wallet and Your Business

If you live or run a business in Ontario, the provincial budget released on March 26, 2026 includes several changes that could affect your taxes, your home purchase, and your bottom line. Whether you are a small business owner, a home buyer, or an investor, there are a few measures worth paying attention to in this year’s budget.

Here is a breakdown of the biggest highlights and what they could mean for you.

Tax Break for Small Businesses

One of the biggest changes in this budget is a proposed cut to Ontario’s small business corporate income tax rate. The rate would fall from 3.2% to 2.2%, effective July 1, 2026. That is a reduction of more than 30%, and it applies to the first $500,000 of active business income earned by eligible small Canadian-controlled private corporations.

For a small business earning $500,000 in eligible income, that could mean savings of up to $5,000 per year. Because the change takes effect mid-year, the rate would be prorated for taxation years that straddle July 1, 2026.

For business owners who are managing rising costs or looking to invest in growth, that kind of savings could make a meaningful difference. It may also help free up cash for hiring, equipment purchases, or day-to-day operations.

Here is how the Ontario small business rate compares:

Here is a look at Ontario’s corporate income tax rates, with the small business rate reflecting the proposed change:

Small business rate applies to the first $500,000 of active business income. The proposed 2.2% rate takes effect July 1, 2026. Combined federal and provincial rates will vary depending on your specific situation — your accountant can confirm the exact figures for your business.

Non-Eligible Dividends

If you receive non-eligible dividends, or if you own a corporation and pay yourself dividends, there is another change to note. Ontario is proposing to reduce the non-eligible dividend tax credit rate from 2.9863% to 1.9863%, effective January 1, 2027.

This change is linked to the lower small business corporate tax rate. In general, when corporate tax rates fall, dividend tax credit rates are adjusted to reflect the change in after-tax corporate income.

The budget does not directly state combined top marginal rates, but the effect of reducing the dividend tax credit is that the tax you owe on non-eligible dividends would increase. If dividends are part of your income strategy, it may be worth reviewing how this could affect your overall tax picture.

More Flexibility for Employee Benefit Plans

If you offer employee benefits through a funded benefit plan, Ontario is proposing a change that could improve cash flow. Starting April 1, 2026, funded benefit plans would be able to elect to be treated as unfunded plans for Insurance Premium Tax purposes.

In practical terms, that means the tax would be triggered when benefits are paid out rather than when contributions are made into the plan. If you sponsor a benefit plan, it may be worth checking whether this election is useful for your business.

Faster Write-Offs for Business Equipment

The budget also proposes accelerated deductions for depreciable assets, in parallel with changes announced by the federal government. Ontario says these measures would lower the cost of investing in a broad range of assets, and they would take effect following the passage of federal legislation.

For business owners considering major purchases, faster deductions can improve cash flow by allowing more of the cost to be deducted sooner rather than spread over several years.

The budget also proposes to let the Regional Opportunities Investment Tax Credit expire effective January 1, 2027, with expenditures incurred on or before December 31, 2026 still eligible.

Keeping Costs Down for Families

Beyond tax changes, the budget includes several measures aimed at easing everyday costs for Ontario families. The Ontario Electricity Rebate continues, the Ontario One Fare Program is being extended for another two years, and tolls on the provincially owned portion of Highway 407 East have been removed.

Ontario says the One Fare extension could save daily transit users in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area up to $1,600 per year, while the Electricity Rebate continues to reduce electricity bills for households.

The budget also includes support for families and individuals through a range of spending measures in health care, education, and social programs.

HST Relief for New Home Buyers

If you are thinking about buying a new home or condo, the budget includes a major temporary expansion of Ontario’s housing rebates. Ontario is proposing to provide further relief for eligible buyers of new homes by removing the full 13% HST on qualifying new homes valued up to $1 million, subject to federal legislation. The maximum rebate amount would be maintained for homes valued up to $1.5 million.

The federal government has agreed to cost-share, subject to the passage of federal legislation, to cover the federal 5% portion being removed. The enhanced rebate is proposed to apply from April 1, 2026 to March 31, 2027.

Here is a quick look at what the proposed rebate change could mean depending on your home’s value:

The budget also proposes to eliminate the provincial HST New Housing Rebate and the New Residential Rental Property Rebate after the enhancement period ends, with further transitional details to be set out later.

Ontario is also proposing to align its first-time home buyer rebate with the federal GST/HST First-Time Home Buyers’ Rebate. These changes require federal regulatory changes, and Ontario says it will continue working with the federal government to support implementation. Under the proposal, the rebate would apply to agreements of purchase and sale entered into on or after March 20, 2025 and before 2031.

The Big Picture

Ontario is projecting planned capital investments of more than $210 billion over 10 years, including $37 billion in 2026–27. The province says these investments will support highways, hospitals, transit, and other infrastructure across Ontario.

At the same time, the budget is being framed as part of the province’s response to tariffs and broader economic uncertainty.

What This Means for You

This budget touches a wide range of financial decisions. If you own a small business, you may want to review your tax strategy in light of the lower corporate rate and accelerated deductions. If you are a first-time home buyer or considering a new build, the enhanced HST rebate could create a valuable but time-limited opportunity. If you receive non-eligible dividends, the tax credit change beginning in 2027 is something to plan for now.

Every situation is different, so the best next step is to review these changes and see which ones apply to you.

Sources

Ontario Ministry of Finance, 2026 Ontario Budget: A Plan to Protect Ontario — Highlights – https://budget.ontario.ca/2026/highlights.html

Ontario Ministry of Finance, Annex: Details of Tax Measures and Other Legislative Initiatives – https://budget.ontario.ca/2026/annex.html

This content is provided for general informational purposes only. It is not intended to provide investment, tax, or legal advice, and should not be relied upon as such.

2026 Canada Money Facts

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Staying informed about financial limits and government benefits is essential for effective planning. The 2026 Canada Money Facts infographic provides a clear snapshot of key savings limits and retirement benefits, including TFSA, RRSP, FHSA, RESP, CPP, and OAS.
Here’s what you need to know for 2026.

Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA)

The 2026 TFSA contribution limit is $7,000, bringing the cumulative contribution room to $109,000 for individuals who have been eligible since the TFSA was introduced in 2009 and have never contributed.

It’s important to note that total TFSA room depends on personal circumstances. Eligibility begins at age 18 or 19, depending on the province, and newcomers to Canada accumulate room only from the year they become residents. If you became eligible after 2009, your cumulative limit will be lower based on the years you qualified.

The TFSA remains one of the most flexible savings tools available, allowing investments to grow tax-free and withdrawals to be made without triggering tax.

Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP)

For 2026, the RRSP contribution limit is $33,810, calculated as 18% of earned income from the prior year, up to the annual maximum. To fully maximize RRSP contributions for 2026, an individual would need prior-year earned income of approximately $187,833.

RRSPs continue to be a cornerstone of retirement planning, offering tax-deductible contributions and tax-deferred growth, which can be especially valuable during higher-income earning years.

First Home Savings Account (FHSA)

The FHSA annual contribution limit remains $8,000 in 2026, with a cumulative contribution limit of $32,000.

As with previous years, FHSA eligibility begins at the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province), and contributions can only be made once the account is opened. Since the FHSA was introduced in 2023, not everyone will have access to the full cumulative room.

FHSA contributions are tax-deductible, and qualifying withdrawals for a first home purchase are tax-free, making this account a powerful planning tool for first-time homebuyers.

Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP)

RESP limits remain unchanged in 2026:

  • Lifetime contribution limit: $50,000 per beneficiary

  • Annual Canada Education Savings Grant (CESG): up to $500

  • Lifetime CESG maximum: $7,200

RESPs continue to be an effective way to save for a child’s post-secondary education while benefiting from government grants and tax-deferred growth.

Canada Pension Plan (CPP) & Old Age Security (OAS)

CPP benefit amounts increase for 2026:

  • Maximum CPP retirement benefit: $18,091 annually

  • Maximum CPP disability benefit: $20,894 annually

Actual CPP payments depend on an individual’s contribution history and the age at which benefits begin, but these figures provide a useful benchmark for planning purposes.

OAS payments for January 2026 are estimated at:

  • Ages 65–74: up to $8,907 annually

  • Ages 75+: up to $9,798 annually

OAS is subject to a clawback for higher-income retirees. In 2026, the clawback begins when 2025 net income exceeds $93,454. Full clawback thresholds are approximately $152,062 for ages 65–74 and $157,923 for ages 75 and over. OAS benefits are reduced by 15% of income above the threshold.

This 2026 infographic is designed as a quick reference to help Canadians stay informed and make confident planning decisions. Whether you’re maximizing registered accounts, preparing for retirement income, or saving for a home or education, understanding these updated limits helps ensure you’re making the most of available opportunities.

Staying proactive and informed in 2026 can make a meaningful difference in your long-term financial success.

Organizing Your Final Decade for Retirement

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Building a retirement plan in your final working decade feels a lot different than it did in your 30s. Back then, it was just about “saving.” Now, it’s about coordination. You are no longer just throwing money into a pot; you’re building the engine that will provide your paycheck for the next 30 years.

Think of this stage as your “Strategic Pivot.” You likely have the highest earnings of your life, but you also have the shortest timeline to recover if things go sideways. Here is how to organize your finances.

Where the Money Goes: Your Savings Buckets

At this stage, where you put your next dollar is just as important as how much you’re saving. You want to fill these buckets in a way that gives you the most flexibility later.

  • The RRSP (Tax-Deferred Growth): This remains a primary tool during your peak-earning years. For 2026, the annual contribution limit is $33,810. It drops your taxable income today, which is a significant win. It’s important to remember that an RRSP is a tax deferral; you aren’t skipping the tax, you’re just pushing it down the road to a time when you are hopefully in a lower tax bracket.

  • The TFSA (Tax-Free Growth): This account is essential for long-term flexibility. For 2026, the limit is $7,000. If you’ve been eligible since 2009 and haven’t contributed yet, you could have up to $109,000 in total room. Because withdrawals are entirely tax-free, this is a great tool for funding large purchases in retirement without triggering a higher tax bracket or affecting your government benefits.

  • Non-Registered Accounts (The Overflow): Once your RRSP and TFSA are full, this is where the extra goes. There are no contribution limits here. To keep things tax-efficient, we often focus on investments that trigger “Capital Gains,” as they are generally taxed more favorably than interest income.

Your Government Foundation: Doing the Math

Many people are surprised by what the government actually provides. These 2026 numbers help you find your “floor” so you know exactly how much your personal savings need to cover.

The Canada Pension Plan (CPP)

The CPP retirement pension is a monthly, taxable benefit designed to replace part of your income when you retire.

  • The 2026 Max: For a new retiree at age 65, the maximum is $1,507.65 per month.

  • The Annual Math: $1,507.65 × 12 = $18,091.80 per year.

  • The Reality: Most people receive closer to the average of $803.76 per month.

  • The Average Annual Math: $803.76 × 12 = $9,645.12 per year.

  • Timing the Start: Deciding when to take CPP is a critical choice. For every year you delay CPP past age 65, your payment increases by 8.4% per year (up to age 70). Conversely, starting early results in a permanent reduction of 7.2% per year (starting as early as age 60).

Old Age Security (OAS)

OAS is a residency-based benefit available starting at age 65.

  • The 2026 Max: For those aged 65–74, the maximum is $742.31 per month.

  • The Annual Math: $742.31 × 12 = $8,907.72 per year.

  • The “Clawback” Trap: If your 2026 net income exceeds $95,323, the government reduces your OAS by 15 cents for every dollar over that limit.

The Combined Government “Floor”

When we put these two together, here is what the 2026 government baseline looks like:

  • The Maximum Scenario: $18,091.80 (CPP) + $8,907.72 (OAS) = $26,999.52 per year.

  • The Average Scenario: $9,645.12 (CPP) + $8,907.72 (OAS) = $18,552.84 per year.

Knowing these totals allows us to calculate the exact “gap” your personal investments need to fill to maintain your lifestyle.

The Shield: Protecting Your Progress

You’ve worked too hard to let a health curveball derail your plan. At this stage, insurance isn’t an “extra”—it’s a defensive asset that transfers risk away from your savings.

  • Disability Insurance (DI): Your ability to earn is your biggest asset. DI helps replace your income if you’re unable to work due to injury or illness, ensuring your retirement contributions don’t stop.

  • Critical Illness (CI): This provides a tax-free lump sum if you face a major diagnosis like heart attack, cancer or a stroke. It’s a firewall for your savings, so you don’t have to raid your retirement funds to pay for care.

  • Health & Dental: If you retire before 65, you’ll likely lose your work benefits. Setting up a personal plan ensures you aren’t hit with massive bills just as you’re trying to settle into retirement.

  • Permanent Life Insurance: Beyond protecting your family, certain permanent life insurance policies can serve as a powerful tax-sheltered accumulation vehicle. If you’ve maximized your RRSP and TFSA, you can contribute funds above the base cost of insurance to grow wealth in a tax-exempt environment. This creates an additional reserve for your own use or a tax-free legacy for your heirs.

Are You Retirement Ready for 2026?

The numbers above are a great starting point, but they only tell half the story. The real work begins when we bridge the gap between the government “floor” and the lifestyle you’ve envisioned for yourself.

Does your current plan feel like a collection of separate pieces, or a coordinated engine? If you’re ready to see how these 2026 rules apply specifically to your income and your goals, let’s connect.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute specific legal, tax, or financial advice. Figures are based on 2026 government thresholds and are subject to change. Insurance products are subject to eligibility, medical underwriting, and policy terms. Always consult with a qualified professional before making significant financial decisions.

Sources

2025 Year-End Tax Tips and Strategies for Business Owners

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2025 Year-End Tax Tips for Business Owners

As 2025 comes to a close, many business owners are thinking about wrapping up their books, reviewing results, and getting ready for a new year. But before December 31 passes, there’s one more important task to tackle — your year-end tax strategy.

A few smart moves now can reduce your tax bill, protect your company’s cash flow, and create new planning opportunities for 2026. Here’s how to make the most of the weeks ahead.

Strengthen Year-End Cash Flow

Strong cash flow is the foundation of good tax planning. Before year-end, take time to review how much cash your business needs to meet short-term obligations such as payroll, supplier invoices, or loan payments.

If your taxable income is higher than expected, look for ways to reduce or defer taxes by:

  • Accelerating deductible expenses (for example, professional fees, utilities, or rent).

  • Writing off bad debts or setting up reserves for doubtful accounts.

  • Paying out reasonable bonuses or salaries before year-end, if already declared.

You may also want to delay income into 2026 by deferring invoices or delaying the sale of appreciated assets, depending on your overall income picture.

Managing cash flow now can free up funds to reinvest in your business — or take advantage of new deductions and credits before they expire.

Optimize Your Salary and Dividend Mix

For incorporated business owners, one of the most important year-end decisions is how to pay yourself.

Salary provides earned income that creates RRSP contribution room and qualifies for Canada Pension Plan (CPP) benefits. Dividends, by contrast, are taxed at a lower rate in most provinces and don’t require CPP contributions.

For 2025, earning $180,500 in 2024 creates the maximum RRSP room of $32,490 for 2025. Looking ahead, for 2026 contributions, $187,833 in 2025 salary will be needed to reach the increased RRSP limit of $33,810. If you mainly use dividends, make sure you earn enough salary to keep building RRSP room. The RRSP deadline for 2025 is March 2, 2026.

A balanced mix often provides the best outcome — salary for savings and CPP, and dividends for flexibility. Review your compensation with your accountant before the year ends to lock in your approach.

Family Income and Compensation Planning

If family members are involved in your business, paying them can be a practical and tax-efficient option:

  • Salaries to Family Members: Paying a fair salary to family members who work for your business not only compensates them but also gives them access to RRSP contributions and CPP. You must be able to prove the family members have provided services in line with the amount of compensation you give them.

  • Dividends to Family Members: If family members are shareholders, dividends can provide them with tax-efficient income. The tax-free amount varies by province or territory, so it’s worth checking the rules where you live.

  • Income Splitting: Distributing income among family members can help reduce overall taxes. However, be mindful of the Tax on Split Income (TOSI) rules to avoid penalties. A tax professional can guide you through this process.

Deferring Income

If you don’t need the full amount for personal use, leaving surplus funds in the corporation could be a smart move. This keeps the money invested within the business, benefiting from lower corporate tax rates. Over time, this approach may allow the funds to generate more income compared to personal investing, depending on your goals and investment strategy. However, be mindful of passive investment income limits, as exceeding $50,000 in passive income could reduce or eliminate your corporation’s access to the small business deduction. Monitoring this threshold is essential to maintaining the tax advantages available to your business.

Other Compensation Strategies

It’s always a good idea to review how you handle compensation beyond base salary.

Consider these options:

  • Shareholder Loans: Borrow funds from your corporation with deductible interest but ensure repayment to avoid personal tax.

  • Profit-Sharing Plans: These can be a tax-efficient alternative to bonuses for distributing profits.

  • Stock Options: Only the employee or employer—not both—can claim a deduction when options are cashed out.

  • Retirement Plans: Explore setting up a Retirement Compensation Arrangement (RCA) to save for retirement tax-efficiently.

Passive Investments

Canadian-controlled private corporations (CCPCs) benefit from a reduced corporate tax rate on the first $500,000 of active business income, thanks to the small business deduction (SBD). The SBD can lower the tax rate by 12% to 21%, depending on your province or territory. Some provinces (e.g., NS, PEI) changed small-business limits in 2025, which may affect combined rates.

However, passive investment income over $50,000 in the previous year reduces the SBD by $5 for every additional dollar, potentially eliminating it altogether. To maintain access to the SBD, it’s important to keep passive investment income below this threshold.

Here are some strategies to help preserve your SBD:

  • Defer Portfolio Sales: Delay selling investments that generate capital gains if possible.

  • Optimize Your Investment Mix: Focus on tax-efficient investments like equities over fixed income.

  • Exempt Life Insurance Policies: Income earned within these policies isn’t included in your passive investment total.

  • Individual Pension Plan: This defined benefit plan is exempt from passive income rules and offers tax-advantaged retirement savings.

Carefully managing passive investments can help your business maintain access to the SBD and maximize its tax advantages for continued growth.

Use Your Capital Dividend Account (CDA) Wisely

The Capital Dividend Account lets private corporations pay tax-free dividends from specific sources, such as the non-taxable portion of capital gains or certain life insurance proceeds.

If your CDA has a positive balance, it may be worth paying out a capital dividend before realizing any capital losses, which can reduce the CDA balance. Once losses are recorded, your ability to pay tax-free dividends is reduced or eliminated.

A quick check with your advisor before year-end can ensure you don’t miss this opportunity.

Take Advantage of Purchases and Deductions

If you’re planning to buy equipment or technology for your business, timing your purchases before December 31 can offer valuable deductions.

Under current tax measures, certain business assets qualify for enhanced depreciation or immediate expensing. Select assets can qualify for a 100% first-year write-off under Budget 2025 proposals for property available for use before 2030. This measure allows businesses to accelerate deductions and reduce taxable income in the year the asset is placed in service.

Making these investments now may lower your 2025 taxable income while positioning your business for growth.

Apprenticeship and Training Incentives

Many provinces offer refundable credits for hiring and training apprentices in skilled trades. These credits vary by region but can offset a meaningful portion of training costs.

Taking advantage of these incentives supports your workforce, rewards innovation, and improves your bottom line.

Plan for Business Transition and Succession

If you’re thinking about selling or passing down your business in the future, 2025 brings several important planning opportunities.

The Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption (LCGE) lets you shelter up to $1.25 million (indexed after 2025) in capital gains from tax when selling qualified small business corporation (QSBC) shares.

Starting this year, the new Canadian Entrepreneurs’ Incentive (CEI) further reduces tax on eligible business sales by lowering the capital gains inclusion rate to one-third on up to $2 million of gains over your lifetime. This new incentive phases in gradually over five years.

If your shares qualify for these exemptions, you may wish to crystallize (lock in) the exemption now or review your ownership structure to ensure you meet all conditions. Proper planning can make the difference between a fully taxable gain and one that’s largely tax-free.

Build Long-Term Retirement Income

While many owners reinvest profits into their business, it’s important to plan for your own financial future as well.

Here are a few corporate-friendly retirement options to consider:

  • Individual Pension Plans allow for higher contribution limits than RRSPs, particularly for owners over age 40 with consistent income.

  • Retirement Compensation Arrangements let you set aside corporate funds for future retirement on a pre-tax basis.

  • Employee Profit Sharing Plans can be used to share profits with employees in a tax-efficient way.

Reviewing your long-term savings approach ensures that the wealth you build in your company also supports your personal retirement goals.

Donations

Making donations, whether charitable or political, can provide valuable tax benefits. To maximize these advantages, consider options like:

  • Donating securities

  • Giving a direct cash gift to a registered charity

  • Using a donor-advised fund for ongoing charitable contributions

  • Setting up a private foundation

  • Donating a life insurance policy by naming a charity as the beneficiary or transferring ownership.

Each option offers unique tax advantages depending on your situation.

Bringing It All Together

Year-end planning isn’t just about saving on taxes — it’s about making intentional financial decisions that support your business’s next chapter.

By reviewing your compensation, investments, and future goals before December 31, you can lower taxes today while setting the stage for long-term success.

Consider scheduling a meeting with your accountant or advisor soon to discuss which of these strategies fit your business best. A small amount of preparation now can make a big difference in 2026.

Sources:

CPA Canada, “2024 Federal Budget Highlights,” https://www.cpacanada.ca/-/media/site/operational/sc-strategic-communications/docs/02085-sc_2024-federal-budget-highlights_en_final.pdf?rev=6d565a6a66ef4e20b1e01dc784464c93, 2024.


Government of Canada, “Capital Gains Inclusion Rate,” https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2024/06/capital-gains-inclusion-rate.html, 2024.


Advisor.ca, “Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption to Top $1M in 2024,” https://www.advisor.ca/tax/tax-news/lifetime-capital-gains-exemption-to-top-1m-in-2024/, 2024.


PwC Canada, “Year-End Tax Planner,” https://www.pwc.com/ca/en/services/tax/publications/guides-and-books/year-end-tax-planner.html, 2024.


CIBC, “2024 Year-End Tax Tips,” https://www.cibc.com/content/dam/personal_banking/advice_centre/tax-savings/year-end-tax-tips-en.pdf, 2024.


Government of Canada, “Federal Budget 2024,” https://budget.canada.ca/2024/report-rapport/tm-mf-en.html, 2024.

2025 Personal Year End Tax Tips

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2025 Personal Year End Tax Tips

The end of 2025 is approaching fast — and that means it’s time to get organized before tax season. By reviewing your finances now, you can take advantage of tax-saving opportunities before December 31 and start the new year with confidence.

This article covers four key areas of year-end tax planning for 2025:

  • Investment Considerations

  • Individuals & Employees

  • Families

  • Retirees

These simple strategies can help you keep more of what you earn and set yourself up for a smoother filing season in spring 2026.

Investment Considerations

Tax-Loss Selling

Selling investments in non-registered accounts that have lost value can offset taxable gains. Losses can be carried back three years or forward indefinitely. To ensure the loss applies for 2025 (or the prior three years), the transaction must settle within 2025. Be cautious about the “superficial loss” rule — if you or an affiliated person repurchase the same investment within 30 days, your loss will be denied and added to the cost base of the new shares.

Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA)

The 2025 TFSA contribution limit is $7,000. If you’ve been 18 or older since 2009 and have never contributed, you can contribute up to $102,000 total by the end of 2025. If you plan to withdraw funds and re-contribute, make the withdrawal before year-end — new contribution room only opens on January 1, 2026.

Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP)

You can contribute to your RRSP or spousal RRSP for the 2025 tax year until March 2, 2026. The maximum contribution limit for 2025 is $32,490, or 18% of your 2024 earned income, whichever is less. If your income is lower this year but expected to rise in 2026, consider making the contribution but deferring the deduction to a future year when it could save more tax.

Interest Deductibility


Focus on paying off debt with non-deductible interest first, such as personal loans or credit cards. Consider paying down non-deductible debts, such as credit cards or personal loans, before tackling deductible ones like investment or business loans.

Individuals & Employees

Income Timing

If you expect your income to drop in 2026 — for example, due to a job change, retirement, or taking time off — you may wish to defer some income or bonuses into next year. On the other hand, if you anticipate being in a higher bracket in 2026, consider receiving bonuses or selling appreciated investments before December 31, 2025.

Home Office Expenses

If you work from home, you may be eligible to claim a portion of home-related expenses like utilities, rent, or internet costs. Keep detailed records of your workspace and eligible receipts.

Employee Stock Options

For employees holding stock options, remember that the $200,000 annual vesting limit still applies for certain employers. If you plan to exercise or donate shares, review the timing to avoid triggering unnecessary tax under the new Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) rules.

Company Cars and Mileage Logs

If your employer provides a company car, you can reduce taxable benefits by minimizing personal use or reimbursing your employer for operating costs. Keep a detailed mileage log — it’s one of the most effective ways to support your claim.

Families

First Home Savings Account (FHSA)

The FHSA continues to be a powerful savings tool for first-time homebuyers. You can contribute $8,000 per year, up to a lifetime limit of $40,000, with unused room carried forward. Contributions are tax-deductible, and qualifying withdrawals are tax-free when used to buy a first home.

Childcare Expenses

If you pay for daycare, camps, or certain boarding school costs so that you or your spouse can work or study, make sure these expenses are paid and receipted by December 31, 2025. The lower-income spouse should generally claim the deduction. Some provinces offer additional refundable childcare tax credits.

Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP)

RESPs help families save for children’s education. The government contributes a 20% Canada Education Savings Grant (CESG) on the first $2,500 contributed each year per child — up to $500 per year and a $7,200 lifetime maximum. If your child turned 15 in 2025 and hasn’t been an RESP beneficiary before, contribute at least $2,000 this year to preserve CESG eligibility for 2026 and 2027.

Registered Disability Savings Plan (RDSP)

Families supporting a loved one with a disability can contribute up to $200,000 over their lifetime to an RDSP. The government may provide matching Canada Disability Savings Grants (up to $3,500 annually) and Bonds (up to $1,000) depending on family income. Be sure to make 2025 contributions before year-end to maximize matching grants.

Consider making RESP and RDSP contributions before December 31 to receive government grants within the 2025 calendar year.

Caregiver

Family Caregiver Amount: If you support a dependent family member with a disability or illness, check if you qualify for this non-refundable credit.

Retirees

Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF)

Turning 71 this year? You are required to end your RRSP by December 31. You have several choices, including transferring your RRSP to a RRIF, cashing out your RRSP, or purchasing an annuity. Consult a professional about the tax implications of each option.

Pension Income Splitting

Are you 65 or older and receiving pension income? If your pension income is eligible, you can deduct a federal tax credit equal to 15% on the first $2,000 of pension income received, plus any provincial tax credits. If you don’t currently have any pension income, consider withdrawing $2,000 from a RRIF each year or using RRSP funds to purchase an annuity that pays at least $2,000 per year.

Canada Pension Plan (CPP)

If you’ve reached age 60, you may be considering applying for CPP. Keep in mind that if you do this, the monthly amount you’ll receive will be smaller. You don’t have to be retired to apply for CPP. Consult a professional to determine what makes the most sense for your situation.

Old Age Security (OAS)

If you’re 65 or older, enrolling in OAS is essential. If your income exceeds OAS thresholds, strategies like income splitting can help reduce clawbacks. You can defer OAS for up to 60 months, increasing your monthly payment by 0.6% for each month deferred. Planning ensures you maximize your benefits and optimize your retirement income.

Deferring OAS for up to 60 months after age 65 increases your monthly benefit by 0.6% per month (7.2% per year), up to a maximum of 36%.

Estate Planning Arrangements

Regularly reviewing your estate plan is essential to ensure it aligns with your objectives and complies with current tax laws. An annual review allows you to adjust for life changes and legal updates, keeping your plan effective. Additionally, exploring strategies to minimize probate fees can preserve more of your estate for your beneficiaries. Regularly examining your will ensures it remains valid and reflects your current wishes.

Certain trusts and bare trust arrangements now have new reporting obligations beginning in 2025, including identifying trustees and beneficiaries on a T3 return.

Proactive planning before December 31 can make a meaningful difference on your 2025 tax bill. Review your investment mix, make contributions on time, and explore credits that apply to your situation. Whether you’re investing, raising a family, or transitioning into retirement, small steps today can help you start 2026 in a stronger financial position.

If you’d like to review your personal situation or discuss these opportunities, reach out — now’s the time to plan ahead.

Sources:

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice. Always consult a qualified professional regarding your specific situation. We are not responsible for any actions taken based on this content.

2025 Federal Budget Highlights

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2025 Federal Budget Highlights

On November 4, 2025, the budget was delivered by the Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Finance and National Revenue.

The 2025 Federal Budget focuses on stability, simplicity, and long-term growth. There are no broad tax increases or major new spending programs. Instead, the government is emphasizing restraint, modernization, and productivity.

For individuals and business owners, the goal is clear: help Canadians access benefits more easily, encourage investment in innovation and clean energy, and update trust and estate rules to maintain fairness across the system.

Economic Overview

Canada’s federal deficit is projected at $78.3 billion for 2025–26. The government aims to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio while maintaining funding for priorities such as housing, defence, and clean energy.

Spending will focus on programs that improve productivity, while efficiency reviews across departments are expected to reduce overlap and administrative costs. This marks a shift toward sustainable fiscal management and practical, targeted investments.

Personal and Family Tax Measures

Several measures are designed to make life more affordable, particularly for first-time home buyers, caregivers, and lower-income households.

Eliminating the GST for First-Time Home Buyers

First-time home buyers will not pay the 5 percent federal GST on new homes priced up to $1 million. For new homes between $1 million and $1.5 million, a partial GST reduction applies. This change provides meaningful savings and makes new construction more accessible for Canadians entering the housing market.

Home Accessibility Tax Credit

Starting in 2026, expenses can no longer be claimed under both the Home Accessibility Tax Credit and the Medical Expense Tax Credit. The rule prevents duplicate claims but continues to support renovations that make homes safer and more accessible for seniors or individuals with disabilities.

Top-Up Tax Credit

To balance the reduction in the lowest federal tax bracket—from 15 percent to 14.5 percent in 2025, and 14 percent in 2026—the government introduced a Top-Up Tax Credit to preserve the value of non-refundable credits such as tuition, medical, and charitable amounts. This temporary measure, available from 2025 through 2030, ensures Canadians receive the same credit value even as rates decrease.

Personal Support Workers (PSW) Tax Credit

A new refundable tax credit equal to 5 percent of eligible income, up to $1,100 per year, will be available for certified personal support workers beginning in 2026. The measure acknowledges the importance of care professionals and provides direct relief to those in long-term and community-care roles.

Automatic Federal Benefits

Starting in 2025, the Canada Revenue Agency will begin automatically filing simple tax returns for eligible Canadians who do not normally file. This will allow low-income earners and seniors to receive benefits such as the Canada Workers Benefit, GST/HST Credit, and Canada Carbon Rebate automatically. Those with more complex financial situations will continue to file regular returns.

Registered Plans, Trusts, and Estate Planning

The budget introduces several changes affecting trusts and registered plans—key tools in long-term financial and estate planning.

Bare Trust Reporting Rules

Implementation of new bare trust reporting requirements has been delayed. The rules will now apply to taxation years ending December 31, 2026, or later. This postponement gives individuals, trustees, and professionals more time to prepare for the new filing obligations.

The 21-Year Rule for Trusts

Trusts—particularly most personal or family trusts—are generally considered to have sold and repurchased their capital property every 21 years (a “deemed disposition”). This rule prevents indefinite deferral of capital-gains tax on assets that grow in value.

When property is moved on a tax-deferred basis from one trust to another, the receiving trust normally inherits the original 21-year anniversary date so that tax timing does not reset.

Some estate-planning arrangements have transferred trust property indirectly—for example, through a corporation or a beneficiary connected to a second trust—so that the transfer did not appear to be trust-to-trust. These arrangements effectively extended the period before capital gains would be recognized.

Budget 2025 broadens the anti-avoidance rule to include indirect transfers. Any transfer of property made on or after November 4, 2025, that effectively moves assets from one trust to another will retain the original 21-year schedule.

For families that use trusts in estate or business-succession planning, this change reinforces the importance of reviewing structure and timing. Trusts remain valuable for asset protection, legacy planning, and income distribution—this update simply ensures consistent application of the 21-year rule.

Qualified Investments for Registered Plans

Beginning January 1, 2027, all registered plans—RRSPs, TFSAs, FHSAs, RDSPs, and RESPs—will follow a single harmonized list of qualified investments. Small-business shares will no longer qualify for new contributions, though existing holdings will remain grandfathered. The update simplifies compliance and clarifies which assets can be held in registered accounts.

Business and Investment Incentives

For business owners, Budget 2025 provides opportunities to reinvest, innovate, and modernize operations, with emphasis on manufacturing, research, and clean technology.

Immediate Expensing for Manufacturing and Processing Buildings

Businesses can now claim a 100 percent deduction for eligible manufacturing and processing buildings acquired after Budget Day and available for use before 2030. This full write-off improves cash flow and encourages earlier expansion. The benefit will gradually phase out after 2033.

Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED)

The refundable SR&ED tax credit limit has increased from $3 million to $6 million per year, effective for taxation years beginning after December 16, 2024. This expansion strengthens support for small and medium-sized Canadian businesses investing in innovation and technology.

Tax Deferral Through Tiered Corporate Structures

To prevent deferrals of tax on investment income, new rules will suspend dividend refunds for affiliated corporations with mismatched fiscal year-ends. This ensures consistent taxation within corporate groups and aligns refund timing with income recognition.

Agricultural Co-operatives

The tax deferral for patronage dividends paid in shares has been extended to December 31, 2030, continuing to support agricultural co-operatives and their members.

Clean Technology and Clean Electricity Investment Credits

Clean-technology and clean-electricity incentives have been expanded to include additional critical minerals—such as antimony, gallium, germanium, indium, and scandium—used in advanced manufacturing and renewable energy production. The Canada Growth Fund can now invest in qualifying projects without reducing the amount of credit companies can claim, keeping the incentive structure attractive for green investment.

Canadian Entrepreneurs’ Incentive

The government has confirmed it will not proceed with the previously proposed Canadian Entrepreneurs’ Incentive. The existing Lifetime Capital Gains Exemption remains unchanged and continues to apply to the sale of qualified small-business shares.

Tax Simplification and Repealed Measures

To simplify administration and reduce complexity, two taxes are being repealed:

– Underused Housing Tax, beginning in 2025

– Luxury Tax on aircraft and vessels for purchases made after November 4, 2025

In addition, the Canada Carbon Rebate will issue its final household payment in April 2025, with no rebates available for returns filed after October 30, 2026. These changes are meant to streamline compliance and eliminate programs that were costly to administer.

Government Direction and Spending Priorities

Beyond taxation, the budget sets out the government’s broader policy priorities.

Downsizing Government: A comprehensive efficiency review is underway to eliminate duplication across departments and generate long-term savings.

Cuts to Immigration: To ease pressure on housing and infrastructure, temporary-resident levels will be reduced by about 20 percent over two years, while maintaining pathways for essential workers.

Defence Spending: Canada will invest an additional $7 billion over five years to strengthen NATO participation, Arctic defence, and cybersecurity. By 2030, defence spending is expected to reach 1.8 percent of GDP.

Oil and Gas Emission Cap: A phased-in cap starting in 2026 will allow companies to meet targets through carbon-capture and clean-tech investments rather than penalties.

Final Thoughts

For individuals, the most relevant updates include GST relief for first-time home buyers, improved benefit access, and continued tax relief for caregivers and support workers. For business owners, the focus remains on productivity—through immediate expensing, expanded SR&ED credits, and clean-tech investment incentives. For families using trusts or inter-generational structures, the clarified 21-year rule reinforces transparency in estate planning.

If you’d like to review what these changes mean for you or your business, please get in touch. We can look at your goals and make sure you’re well prepared for the year ahead.

What You Need to Know About RRIFs

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What You Need to Know About RRIFs: Turning Your RRSP Into Retirement Income

As retirement approaches, many Canadians start wondering: what happens to all the savings they’ve been building in their RRSP? The good news is, your RRSP doesn’t just stop working for you when you turn 71. Instead, it can be converted into a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF)—a flexible way to draw steady income while keeping your investments working.

What is an RRIF, and how is it different from an RRSP?

An RRIF is essentially the next stage of your RRSP. While an RRSP is designed for growing your retirement savings, an RRIF is designed for drawing income from them. You’re required to convert your RRSP into an RRIF (or an annuity) by the end of the year you turn 71, though you can convert earlier if it suits your needs.

Unlike an RRSP, you can’t contribute new money to an RRIF, and you’re required to withdraw at least a minimum amount each year. The investments inside your RRIF—like GICs, stocks, bonds, mutual funds—can continue to grow tax-deferred, but your withdrawals are taxable as income.

How do you transfer funds into an RRIF and what can you hold in it?

Converting your RRSP to an RRIF is straightforward. You open an RRIF account at your financial institution and transfer all or part of your RRSP into it. There are no taxes payable on this transfer itself.

Your RRIF can hold the same types of investments you had in your RRSP. That means you can continue to hold stocks, bonds, GICs, mutual funds, ETFs, and even cash. Many people simply carry their RRSP portfolio over to the RRIF unchanged, but it’s also an opportunity to adjust your investments to align with your income needs and risk comfort level.

Do you have to convert all your RRSPs at once?

If you have more than one RRSP account, you don’t have to convert all of them into an RRIF at the same time. You can convert just one account, a portion of your savings, or all of them—whatever works best for your situation.

Some people convert one RRSP early to supplement income while leaving the rest to grow. Others choose to convert all their accounts into one or more RRIFs for simplicity. Just keep in mind that by December 31 of the year you turn 71, all RRSP funds must be converted—whether into RRIFs, annuities, or withdrawn as cash.

You can also have more than one RRIF if you prefer to keep different investments or strategies separate. Each RRIF has its own minimum withdrawal based on its balance at the start of each year.

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When should you convert your RRSP?

You must convert your RRSP into an RRIF no later than December 31 of the year you turn 71, but you don’t have to wait until then. Some Canadians choose to convert earlier, especially if they retire before age 71 and want to start drawing from their savings. Others may convert a portion of their RRSP to an RRIF early to smooth out taxable income over several years or to supplement other income sources.

Can you convert before age 71?

Yes. You can convert your RRSP to an RRIF at any age, as long as you’re ready to begin taking taxable withdrawals. For example, someone retiring at age 60 may decide to convert part of their RRSP to an RRIF and leave the rest in the RRSP to continue growing.

Converting your RRSP to a RRIF at retirement

By the end of the year you turn 71, you can no longer contribute to an RRSP — and you must convert it into an income stream. The most common way to do this is by transferring it into a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF).

A RRIF keeps your investments tax-sheltered, but you’re required to withdraw a minimum amount each year, which is taxable. The minimum starts small and increases as you age.

Alternatively, you can purchase an annuity to guarantee income for life, but a RRIF gives you more flexibility to manage your investments and withdrawals.

Understanding RRIF Minimum Withdrawals

One of the key rules with an RRIF is that you must withdraw at least a minimum amount each year, starting the year after you open the account. This minimum is calculated as a percentage of the total value of your RRIF on January 1 each year, and the percentage increases as you age.

For example, if you are 71, the minimum is about 5.28% of your RRIF balance. At 80, it’s about 6.82%, and it continues to rise each year. You can always withdraw more than the minimum if you need to, but you cannot withdraw less.

If you’d like to lower your required withdrawals, you can choose to have the minimum based on your younger spouse’s age when you set up the RRIF. This option is helpful if you want to keep more money invested and reduce taxable income in the early years.

It’s important to plan these withdrawals carefully, especially if you don’t need all the income right away. Any funds you withdraw that you don’t spend can be invested in a TFSA or a non-registered account, depending on your available contribution room and tax strategy.

What if you don’t need the money immediately?

Even if you don’t need the income right now, you still have to withdraw at least the minimum each year. There’s no option to skip withdrawals altogether, but you can reinvest the money in a non-registered account or a TFSA if you have contribution room, allowing it to continue growing tax-efficiently.

How are RRIF withdrawals taxed?

Withdrawals from an RRIF are considered taxable income in the year you take them. Your financial institution will issue a T4RIF slip, which shows the taxable amount (Box 16) and any tax withheld. You report the taxable amount on line 13000 of your personal tax return under “Other income.” Any tax already withheld is credited when you file.

It’s a good idea to plan your RRIF withdrawals alongside other income sources (like CPP or OAS) to help manage your overall tax bill and avoid moving into a higher tax bracket.

What happens at death? Choosing a beneficiary and successor annuitant

When you open an RRIF, you can name a beneficiary or a successor annuitant. If you name your spouse as a successor annuitant, they can take over the RRIF without tax consequences, continuing to receive income from it. If you name your spouse or a financially dependent child as a beneficiary, the RRIF can be transferred to them with reduced tax consequences. If no beneficiary is named, the full value of the RRIF is included as income on your final tax return.

Naming the right person and understanding the tax implications is an important step in ensuring your retirement savings benefit your loved ones as you intended.

Your RRIF is more than just a requirement after age 71—it’s a flexible and valuable way to turn your hard-earned savings into a sustainable income stream. Planning how and when to convert your RRSP, understanding your minimum withdrawal requirements, and choosing a beneficiary thoughtfully can help you get the most out of your retirement savings.

If you’d like help reviewing your options, reach out—we’d be happy to guide you through the process.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or tax advice. Always consult a qualified professional regarding your specific situation. We are not responsible for any actions taken based on this content.

Sources:

Government of Canada. Registered Retirement Income Fund: https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/completing-slips-summaries/t4rsp-t4rif-information-returns/payments/chart-prescribed-factors.html

Tax Tips. Registered Retirement Income Fund: https://www.taxtips.ca/rrsp/rrif-minimum-withdrawal-factors.htm

Leaving Your Employer – Should You Take Your Pension?

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When you leave an employer, one of the biggest financial decisions you may face is what to do with your pension. For many employees and executives, the pension represents years of savings and future income security. But when offered the option to take the value of the pension today, it can feel overwhelming to decide whether to leave it where it is or transfer it out. Let’s walk through the key considerations so you can make an informed choice.

What is a Pension Plan?

A pension is a retirement savings arrangement set up by your employer. There are two main types: defined contribution and defined benefit. With a defined contribution plan, both you and your employer contribute money, and the balance depends on investment performance. With a defined benefit plan, your future income is pre-determined based on things like your years of service and average salary. Many Canadians leaving an employer with a defined benefit plan will be faced with the decision of whether to keep the pension or “commute” (cash out) its value.

Defined benefit pensions are attractive because they provide predictable lifetime income. This predictability can give peace of mind. On the other hand, defined contribution plans shift the investment risk to you, since your eventual income depends on how the funds grow over time.

Know Your Pension Options

When you leave your employer, your options depend on the type of plan. With a defined contribution plan, you’ll typically move the money into your own locked-in retirement account or buy an annuity that provides income for life. With a defined benefit plan, you can either:

  • Leave the pension with your former employer, collecting a guaranteed monthly payment at retirement.
  • Take the commuted value (the lump sum representing the present value of future payments) and transfer it to a locked-in retirement account.

Both options have trade-offs. Leaving the pension may give you peace of mind with guaranteed income for life. Commuting gives you control over the investments but shifts the risk to you. The decision also has implications for your family. Unlike a commuted pension, which can be passed on to heirs, most defined benefit pensions end upon death, except for survivor benefits that may be included.

Key Considerations Before Deciding

This decision is highly personal and depends on several factors:

  • Longevity: If you expect to live longer than average, staying in the pension may make sense because it ensures you don’t outlive your money.
  • Stability of the employer’s plan: Some pensions are well-funded, while others face challenges. If you have doubts about whether the company will remain strong enough to pay pensions in the future, taking the commuted value may provide more security.
  • Need for predictable income: A pension offers steady, reliable payments. If you’d feel more comfortable knowing exactly what you’ll receive each month, this could be valuable.
  • Market risk: If you commute your pension, your retirement income will depend on market returns. That could mean growth, but also the possibility of running out of money if markets perform poorly or if withdrawals are too high.
  • Estate planning: Pensions typically stop at death (with limited survivor benefits). If leaving money to your heirs is important, a commuted pension gives more flexibility.

It’s important to weigh these factors against your lifestyle, your other sources of income (such as CPP, OAS, RRSPs, or TFSAs), and your comfort with risk.

How Much Can You Transfer?

When you choose to take the commuted value, the Income Tax Act sets a maximum amount that can be transferred tax-deferred into a locked-in retirement account (LIRA). The formula depends on your annual pension amount and a factor based on your age. Anything above this maximum must be taken as taxable income in the year you leave your employer. This can create a significant tax bill. Planning ahead with strategies like using RRSP room or your spouse’s RRSP can help soften the tax hit. In some cases, contributing to a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA) may also be beneficial.

Unlocking Pension Money

Funds in a LIRA remain locked until retirement, but there are exceptions. Depending on your province, you may be able to unlock money earlier if you face financial hardship, move out of the country, or have a shortened life expectancy. At retirement age, a LIRA typically converts into a Life Income Fund (LIF), which provides a stream of income but still follows government rules for minimum and maximum withdrawals.
Some provinces allow partial unlocking of a LIRA once you reach a certain age, which can improve flexibility.

Additional Factors to Keep in Mind

There are also tax and income-splitting considerations. Pension income can often be split with a spouse, reducing household taxes. However, this benefit works differently depending on whether you keep the pension or commute it. If you keep your pension, income splitting is available immediately when payments begin. If you commute and move the funds into a LIF or RRIF, income splitting usually becomes available only at age 65.

Indexing and bridge benefits are also worth reviewing. Some pensions offer cost-of-living increases or bridge payments until government benefits like CPP or OAS begin. These can significantly impact the overall value of staying in the pension.

Final Thoughts

Deciding what to do with your pension when leaving an employer is one of the most important retirement choices you’ll face. Keeping the pension can give you guaranteed income for life, while commuting it offers flexibility and control, but with added risks and potential tax costs. The right decision depends on your personal goals, health, family needs, and comfort with investment risk.

If you’re unsure, take the time to speak with us before making your decision. A pension may be one of your largest assets, and the choice you make could shape your retirement for decades.